{
  "version": "1.0",
  "jurisdiction": "eu",
  "name": "European Union",
  "name_zh": "欧盟",
  "description": "EU-wide employment and contract directives (member states may have stricter rules)",

  "employment_law": {
    "working_time_directive": {
      "max_weekly_hours": 48,
      "calculation": "Average over reference period (up to 4 months)",
      "rest_periods": {
        "daily": "11 consecutive hours",
        "weekly": "24 hours uninterrupted (plus 11 hours daily rest)"
      },
      "breaks": "If work day exceeds 6 hours",
      "annual_leave": "4 weeks minimum paid leave",
      "night_work": "8 hours max in 24-hour period (average)"
    },
    "written_statement": {
      "required": true,
      "deadline": "Within 7 days (essential terms) / 1 month (other terms)",
      "must_include": [
        "Parties' identities",
        "Place of work",
        "Job title/description",
        "Start date",
        "Duration (if temporary)",
        "Paid leave entitlement",
        "Notice periods",
        "Remuneration details",
        "Working hours"
      ]
    },
    "fixed_term_contracts": {
      "successive_contracts": "Must be justified by objective reasons",
      "max_duration": "Varies by member state",
      "equal_treatment": "Same conditions as permanent employees"
    }
  },

  "gdpr_requirements": {
    "applies_to": "Processing of personal data",
    "key_principles": [
      "Lawfulness, fairness, transparency",
      "Purpose limitation",
      "Data minimization",
      "Accuracy",
      "Storage limitation",
      "Integrity and confidentiality",
      "Accountability"
    ],
    "data_subject_rights": [
      "Right to be informed",
      "Right of access",
      "Right to rectification",
      "Right to erasure",
      "Right to restrict processing",
      "Right to data portability",
      "Right to object",
      "Rights related to automated decision-making"
    ],
    "contract_requirements": [
      "Data Processing Agreement (DPA) for processors",
      "Privacy notice to data subjects",
      "Lawful basis for processing",
      "Cross-border transfer safeguards (SCCs, adequacy decisions)"
    ],
    "penalties": "Up to €20 million or 4% of global annual turnover"
  },

  "termination_rules": {
    "notice_periods": {
      "general": "Determined by member state law and length of service",
      "typical_range": "1 week to 3 months"
    },
    "unfair_dismissal": {
      "protection": "Most member states require fair reason for dismissal",
      "remedies": "Reinstatement and/or compensation"
    },
    "collective_redundancies": {
      "threshold": "Varies by member state (typically 10-20 employees)",
      "requirements": [
        "Consultation with employee representatives",
        "Notification to public authority",
        "Information on reasons, numbers, categories affected"
      ]
    }
  },

  "non_compete": {
    "general_rule": "Allowed but must be reasonable",
    "common_requirements": [
      "Limited duration (typically 6-24 months)",
      "Limited geographic scope",
      "Compensation often required",
      "Written form"
    ],
    "varies_by_country": true,
    "note": "Germany, France, Belgium require compensation; UK traditionally did not"
  },

  "posted_workers": {
    "directive": "Posted Workers Directive",
    "requirements": [
      "Equal treatment on core terms",
      "Minimum rates of pay",
      "Maximum work periods",
      "Health and safety requirements"
    ]
  },

  "key_directives": [
    {
      "code": "2019/1152",
      "name": "Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Directive",
      "description": "Information rights for workers"
    },
    {
      "code": "2003/88/EC",
      "name": "Working Time Directive",
      "description": "Maximum working hours, rest periods"
    },
    {
      "code": "2016/679",
      "name": "General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)",
      "description": "Data protection and privacy"
    },
    {
      "code": "98/59/EC",
      "name": "Collective Redundancies Directive",
      "description": "Mass layoff procedures"
    },
    {
      "code": "2001/23/EC",
      "name": "Transfer of Undertakings Directive (TUPE)",
      "description": "Employee rights in business transfers"
    },
    {
      "code": "2000/78/EC",
      "name": "Employment Equality Framework Directive",
      "description": "Non-discrimination in employment"
    }
  ],

  "member_state_note": "Individual member states may have stricter or additional requirements. Always check local law."
}